Reading Strategies 1. Topic Selection |
Reading Activities (students) If possible, read only topic of interest. |
Reading Assessment Students must know the selected topic well. |
2. Prediction from Contents List (if any) - Inferencing |
Read the Contents List and infer the meaning. |
Students must know the obvious and/or hidden meaning in the Contents List. |
3. Overview of Text - Inferencing |
Read the opening sentence, the first and last paragraph, and understand the meaning. |
Ensure these sections reveal their meaning via guessing or visualization. |
4. Reading the Entire Text Stage i) Fix-up |
As full reading takes place, locate any areas of breakdown in comprehension and reread the whole chapter or part. |
Ensure breakdown is overcome and comprehension is attained before further reading. |
5. Reading the Entire Text Stage ii) Inferencing |
As full reading takes place, make appropriate guesses of the hidden meaning of any text. |
Ensure all texts are revealed of their obvious and/or hidden meaning. |
6. Reading the Entire Text Stage iii) Questioning |
As full reading takes place, question any parts that are not properly supported by facts or unclear. |
Ensure questionable parts are highlighted for any future clarification by the students.
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7. Summarize Reading - Inferencing |
Summarize the major strength and weakness etc., of the text into one or two paragraphs. |
To be able to accurately capture the essence of the entire text. |
1. Writing Strategies Topic Selection |
Writing Activities (students) Select the same as what has been read, or different topic. |
Writing Assessment Students must have some ideas of they’re about to write. |
2. Ideas Development (Preparation) |
Using knowledge obtained from steps 2) to 7) above, create own points, ideas or views (for writing the same topic only). |
Students’ views must be consistent with the selected topic. |
3. Classification (Narrow down points) |
Classify all ideas into different categories and then narrow down each classification. |
Ensure the classifications become the essential points to be written. |
4. Contents List (Laying the Skeleton) |
From above classifications, turn them into a contents list in the order to be written. |
Ensure contents list would fully cover all ideas to be expressed. |
5. Full Text Writing (Inferencing) |
With the contents list, write as vividly, objectively, and convincingly as possible. |
Students must be able to impersonally infer the meaning of their writings as though they were the readers. |
6. Full Text Re-writing (Questioning) |
Read aloud the written text and check for any areas that are not coherent and well expressed. |
Students must be able to objectively question their own ideas as though they were the readers. |
7. Finalize the Writing (Fixed-up) |
Read aloud the written text and correct any illogical flow of ideas or disconnected parts to fix up the entire writing. |
Writing must be lucid, to the point, informative, interesting, and above all, free from any logic gaps. |
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