Custom «Cloud-based Semi-Electronic Government Solution» Essay Paper

Literature Review

There are several diverse e-government solutions and implementations that have already been introduced to public. This has led to different outcomes as well as the reaction from the public. Some countries compare and contrast the e-government systems of other countries in order to find the best solution (Fountain, 2001). One country’s e-government’s success does not necessarily imply its success in another region. E-government should suit the needs of the particular country according to its structures. For instance, the e-government of the U.S. election voter registration will be different from the voter registration system of Singapore. The level of technology a country can afford as well as the government structure cause these diversities.

E-government Solutions in Austria

Austria is the European Union member state, which introduced its semi-electronic government solution relatively early. Since then, Austria has been working hard to improve its technology and expand their public services. For instance, the Austrian Federal government initiated a Society Working Group, which had the responsibility of denoting the issues facing the information society. This was implemented when the state signed the IT-Cooperation Agreement with different regions. The federal government later launched the program to ensure synchronization of all the government activities. They later set up an e-government solution’s offensive in order to achieve the top position among the EU member states (Collins, 2007). Their goal was achieved when they ranked fourth, having scored one hundred percent of an integrated online service provision to their citizens. The Austrian electronic government solution emphasizes total proximity to their citizens as well as easier access to the electronic government services. This is accompanied by total trust and security of individual data. 

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E-government Solution in Spain

The Spanish government saw a need to incorporate a semi-electronic government solution in 2001. Spain also is the European Union member state and was required to upgrade its information society as per requirements of the EU. Therefore, the country formulated a plan named “Avanza” to bring the state’s information society to higher levels. Spain improved communication technology in the country and improved access to electronic public services. This led to formulation of introduction of the law, which obviously was made obligatory for all the citizens to adopt. The act was known as Law on Citizen’s Electronic Access to Public Services (2007). The law made it easier to access electronic services at any time and place. The law also gave an impartial technology and allowed interconnections of various people as well as businesses. The law also gave the citizens an opportunity to use their signatures if it conformed to its set of guidelines. This made the service effective since it also allowed the civilians to publish the government’s official journals alongside according to the electronic government solution’s ombudsman. 

E-government Solutions in United States of America

Effectiveness of the electronic government solution in the USA is mainly linked to Barack Obama’s regimen. This began during his campaigns, which followed till the full implementation in his government after he won the elections (Cordella, 2007). The president signed a memorandum of executive departments and the transparency agencies advocating for the public trust. The electronic government solution’s memorandum also ensured that public involvement and partnership were emphasized to the fullest. This led to fully developed transparency agencies in the US. The electronic government solution made it possible for citizens to access the public websites like recovery.gov as well as data.gov. These websites provide more information to the American citizens and allow them to share their views through the same system. This is regarded as the best electronic government system in the US and around the world. This is because it gives the American population an opportunity to comment on the style of leadership of their country as well as suggest the best policies to be followed for their satisfaction. This websites promote peace and cooperation among the government and the citizens. It has been a major success in America, and the government continues to improve it. 

E-government Solution in Africa: Kenya

The electronic government solution’s evolution in Kenya was marked by the shift from the KANU regimen to the NARC regimen. The NARC regimen ensured that the ICT services were improved and made accessible to the Kenyan citizens. A directorate on e-government solution was initiated in 2004, which was to enhance the full execution of the electronic solution. For instance, there was a high mobile phones availability among Kenyans, which was linked to the Ubiquity aspect. This aspect was aimed at bringing the mobile services and gadgets even to the remote areas. The mobile service e-government strategy of the time made a major shift in the landline telephone services, which were the major channels of communication at the time. Currently, an approximation of eighty percent of the Kenya’s population owns a mobile phone. More so, this has led to the rise of vast and successful mobile phones operators like Safaricom, Airtel, Orange, and Yu. The electronic government services offered by these mobile operators include the Kipokezi service. This service has made it possible for the mobile subscribers to access and use the online chatting services alongside the sending and receiving of electronic mails. The e-government technology has also ensured that Kenyans are able to send and receive money through the M-PESA service, which is a mobile bank that allows one to send money from any part of the world.  

E-government Solution and Implementation in Russia

The e-government solution’s implementation in Russia is evident through the Federal Law, which gives the state and municipal services to the public. The Russian president also accepted the expansion of the information society in the country as well as the execution of the public services. The Russian government aimed at providing equitable opportunities to the Russians and caterings for the low-income earners. Through such system, the public administration was made an easy task, which made major improvements in the development of the country (Kushchu, 2003). The Russian regimen has also been able to manage the public funds as well as to include the citizens to fully engage in public decision-making. For instance, during national calamities or wars, Russian citizens are linked through the e-government solution to know the actions their government has taken. The e-government solution in Russia has created a united system, which gives substantiation and sanction of the rightful people to participate in the electronic government procedures. There is also a united portal that offers the municipal services that the regime has guaranteed. Several Russians visit the municipal portal at a higher rate of two hundred thousand to seven hundred thousand people per month.

E-government Solution and Implementation in Japan

Japan is among the most developed countries in the world. This implies that the ICT is well developed to integrate several aspects as well. For instance, the Mongolia case in Japan indicates that the electronic government solution has had several transitions since 1994 to date. The initiation of the Mongolian Telecom Master Plan is a good example. The main objective of the e-Mongolia system is to create a perfect information society by pertaining ICT in all the sectors. This has rank Japan among the top best electronic government solution states. The Japanese e-government system requires the leaders to execute their administrative roles and make them available on the government websites for the public access. The electronic government solution has also ensured that Internet charges in Japan are regulated so that the low-income citizens are able to access it. The government has built several high-speed transmission networks in the country. This guarantees access to Internet in the distant regions of the nation. This makes the citizen participation in building the nation an easy and flexible task, since one can access it at any time. There is a prime minister website that lists all the activities provided by the office as well as his (prime minister’s) plans and strategies for diverse sectors in Japan. This shows accountability and transparency of the Japanese government.

The Japanese e-government is also structured into minor local electronic governments like the Yokosuka online tender system and the Okayama information highway. The Yokosuka electronic government system is meant to monitor the e-commerce in the country. This aids in global harmonization of the Japanese citizens with other people from diverse parts of the world. The system also ensures the citizens are well equipped on all the business information as well as the government contracts. This offers equal opportunities to all the citizens and avoids discrimination. The Okayama information highway gives citizens a chance to know the latest government developments. For instance, the funds set aside for the development of infrastructure (Yamada, 2007). The Okayama backbone network consists of a 450 km optical fiber link connectedto all metropolis local offices, municipal institutes along with schools. The city of Niimi in Okayama territory executed electronic voting through a touch appliance in June 2002. The electronic voting scheme was intended to aid in the quick count of votes and ensured accuracy. This also reflected the determination of citizens by reducing the number of flawed and unacceptable ballots.  

In conclusion, there has been several trials and implementation of e-government solutions in different countries. Some of them have been extremely successful, while others are still in the process of developing. As the world struggles to become fully integrated into ICT, several governments have also increased their level of transparency to their citizens with the help of the e-government systems. Generally, the e-government solution is the best-known system tocarry out a dynamic, secure, remarkable, and expedient society through the realistic use of Information Technology.