Table of Contents
The Anabaena
The Anabaena belongs to the domain of Prokarya since it has no true nucleus and no membrane bound organelles. The Anabaena is the bacteria with at least 40 species. It is a genus of the filamentous cyanobacteria or blue-green algae, interspersed large spores, mostly found as plankton on moist soil and in the shoal water. The Anabaena is very vital in the formation of important nutrients to the soil. Furthermore, these species can be used on rice paddy fields, confirming their effective virtues as the natural fertilizer. It can live in hot temperature (up to 75°C). There are several features that distinguish the Anabaena as the unique genus of the filamentous cyanobacteria:
1) Kingdom: Bacteria.
2) Phylum: Cyanobacteria. This bacterium obtains its energy trough photosynthesis.
3) Order: Nostocales. The Anabaena belongs to this order since it has a shortage of endospores and exospores.
4) Family: Nostocaceae. The Anabaena can have unbranched trichomes and form heterocysts. The trishomes of Anabaena can be represented as long unbranched chains of the vegetative cells with heterocysts and akinetes arranged all over the chain.
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5) Genus: Anabaena
Moreover, the Anabaena can observed be in the solitary or colonial forms. The genus Anabaena can mold water blooms. The formation of the toxic blooms can be amplified by the Anabaena’s production of the big variety of the neurotoxins and hepatotoxins. The Anabaena circinalis blooms have a dangerous effect on the fishing areas, recreational waterways and water-treatment facilities. In some part of Australia, Anabaena circinalis has led to paralytic shellfish poisoning that has a fatal impact on the water life (Carr N. G., 1973).
The Euglena
The Euglena is a genus of free-living microorganisms that has plant- and animal-like features. This unicellular organism belongs to the Kingdom Protista, and the Phylum Euglenophyta. The Euglena is identified as a photosynthetic euglenoid with more than 250 species. These species predominantly live in fresh water pools, lakes and ponds. Most of them are aerobic and use photosynthesis as interchangeable equivalent source of energy and carbon. The cells of these species have the form of the cylinder with a tapered posterior and rounded anterior. The chloroplast is green, well-developed with impregnation of the pyrenoids. Despite the fact that the Euglena has the ability to photosynthesis, its cells have a phagotrophic ingestion apparatus. The Euglena is a unique genus since it has chlorophyll that lets it make its own food. Under that condition, like a plant, the Euglena is able to make and consume its own food when it is sunlight. However, when it is darkness, it can get a food like an animal. The dubious functionality of the Euglena makes it a universal being. Furthermore, the Euglena can absorb nutrients across its cell membrane. Consequently it becomes heterotrophic due to the inaccessibility of light and cannot photosynthesize.
Moreover, in the center of the Euglena cells is the nucleus, which contains the cell’s DNA and controls its activity. The Euglena is a pear shaped. It has a flagellum (a whippy tail) that allows it to move in the water. These species have bright sensitive red eyespots that help the Euglena to find light. The reproduction of Euglena is demonstrated by fission, splitting lengthways in two parts. Then it can be observed the following situation: the flagellum goes with one part and the other part grows a new flagellum. When the temperature varies between heat and coldness, the Euglena can form the cyst (protective casting) that protects its body from bad weather conditions (Buetow D. E., 2011).