Table of Contents
Introduction
A society can be defined as a group of people who are related to each other through long standing relations in terms of social status, roles and social networks. These societies have patterns of relationships among individuals who share distinctive cultural patterns and institutions. Different societies have existed around the world since the beginning of mankind. The societies under the discussion would be the industrial revolution society, the society at which reformation was taking place and the renaissance society.
From the African set up, Egypt has been viewed as an organ where most of the African societies did learn their revolution and developments from which include the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a period during which there occurred significant changes in various aspects of the society including agriculture, transportation, manufacturing and the social structure of countries, particularly Egypt. The industrial revolution and agriculture completely did away with traditional way of doing things and ushered in a new era of development and change. There was a witnessed increase in food production and supply as a result of advances made in agricultural techniques and practices. There was also an increase in production efficiency, profits and commerce as a result of changes in the industrial organization and the introduction of new production technologies. Most scholars point out that Egypt’s revolution did not only impact on the dark Africa as initially referred to by whites who did visit it but also impacted on the wake of regions like Greece, Roman empires and the western states.
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Seligman et al had a notion that most if not all of the African society could not come up with legal systems that could be as a guidance to the leadership of the societies that could be developed into states asserting that they could only be borrowed from the whites who were busy moving around to exploit the minerals that had not been discovered by the Africans. After he and his team failed to justify this information due to the fact that the first explorers did find out that their were set ups of communities in the African region which had organized leadership systems like monarchs and yet they did not learn it from the whites. Seligman later on and his team changed and said that the African society did learn this organizational skill from the ancient Egypt which was widely known for its diverse monarch system of leadership. This too could not be justified fully due to lack of proper information justifying the interaction between Egypt and other African societies. Sir Johnston echoes Seligman unsupported information when he reiterates on the similarities in the physic between the Hamitic Egyptian ancients and every African ruling bantu led to the development of the people of Africa and this was as a result of the interaction or rather assimilation with the Hamitic race which are the superiors who are believed to be the Hamitics. Based on history and today, Hamitic race is only on the northern part of Africa particularly the horn of Africa where Egypt is. This information therefore cannot be based on to give presumptions on the African civilization due to the current distribution of the Hamitic race in the African continent. If truly their impact in civilization as a result of intermixture with other societies, then we would have their seed all over the African continent.
Another author Sanders (1992) in her opinion argues that there were black Hamitics too apart from the white Hamitics and she adds that the black Hamitics might have originated from the Noah generation based on the biblical mythology who according to her wee not inferior to the Noah generation during the floods. Her assertions could not be supported by the reformation society which was a period whereby there was a witness in a movement in the Christian society which led to reforms that established Protestantism as key component of contemporary Christianity. This societal transformation started in the 14th century. Development of the reformation society was preceded by the rediscovery of the learning of the ancient world, the establishment of the printing press and other factors which affected the functioning of the church (Sanders, 1922). Christian humanists wanted to establish a new style of understanding the scriptures in the language of origin and to go back to the initial principles that defined Christianity. The period witnessed translation of the bible into local languages and a spiritual revival to make the religion popular. The clear understanding of the bible by the saints does not support the arguments of Sanders, (1922) as it is stated in the bible that every creature is fearfully and wonderfully made by God, and he that made of God has the seed of god in him and therefore he shall not be subject to sin. Today, the gospel is more in the African society more than the west and Europe which is believed to be the source of salvation. And so the question is how could God create a man that would be seen as sin and later treated into slavery? Such rhetoric questions question the integrity of arguments placed by authors like Sanders. Despite studies carried out to prove that the revolutionaries of the African Egypt were greater than those other places like Athens and Rome, some white countries like France cannot accept this fact due to the mere notion that nothing good could come out of the African minds mere assumptions written by great philosophers like Hegel. Cheikh Anta adds that the Egyptians in this case who are being referred to as the Hamitis or the Caucasians in the dispensation of the civilizations to the African society were true black Africans and not as purported to be. His argument is based on the fact that the whole of the African continent was inhabited by the African ancestors and is still inhabited by the Africans who are black by race. There are larger gaps that do exist than can make one to link the greater African civilization to the Egyptian revolutionization. Practically, there is no clear link between the Egyptian culture and Egypt and even other countries like Ethiopia.
I do support the arguments of Raymond Mauy who argues that many may not be willing to accept the fact that African did originate from a variety of the groups like those from Asia. In real sense, they are not pure Africans to claim they did originate from the west of Africa neither are they pure Asians to assume they originate from the east and thus a mixture of the two cultural societies which is exhibited in the renaissance period. The Renaissance was a period that witnessed a resurgence of learning that was based on classical sources, the development of a linear perspective in painting, and a widespread spread in the reformation in the education sector which was gradual. The renaissance was a society that was viewed as a bridge between the modern society and the middle ages. The period a revolution in the intellectual, social and political sectors, but the biggest development was witnessed in the artistic field through great artistic like those of the old African kingdoms. The renaissance period was not just about the study of ancient scholars, but it witnessed a great influence on paintings, architecture and how sculptures were done. The period witnessed artists showing more of nature and depicting the feelings of people. Every African society had its own way of doing things and from a clear look up into historical archives today, most of the information can be found despite lack of priority in the management of such information.
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I believe the renaissance period is a role model to other societies. The Renaissance was important time because it aroused the world from a very long, dark sleep. It was said to be that Europe around the 14th at this time period was transitioning from the “Dark Ages” into a period known as the New Age. The Renaissance represented the expansion of knowledge and the revitalization of cultural achievements and art, including music. The Renaissance demonstrated to be a time of great change of the artist as they came to occupy a different place in society, The Renaissance was a period where people questioned everything and were driven to find things out for themselves. Many well know artist that we know today like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Botticelli contributed to the era of the renaissance. Art and science at the point in time was flourishing. Martin Luther was a success in reforming Christianity because he made people aware that there was corruption going on in the church, church officials were being bought off to pardon someone. Martin Luther brought awareness of a new belief that was later spread throughout many other countries. The renaissance sparked an interest in people to appreciate the arts and sciences and this continues up to this day. Today we see lots of schools that are cutting out the art and music programs. This is an injustice to children who are being deprived from the arts. The arts should be supported because they help in nurturing the creative sides of students. Furthermore, the renaissance has influenced modern writers because they have broken with tradition and present realistic versions of life. The renaissance has helped the common people to enjoy arts even in the current world. The renaissance further contributed to the scientific revolution through pioneering the idea of carrying out experiments to arrive at arrives at decisions. A key renaissance contributor, Francis Bacon said that “knowledge is power.” This statement has become a popular saying today and has become the foundation of the modern society, especially in this era of information and communication technology (Smith 6). Artists like da Vinci not only made paintings that drew much scientific observation, he has been a big influence on studies of the human anatomy and other scientific developments.